Are all instruments with a P serial number considered a Pan American? I've heard differing stories on this. Some say if it doesn't have Pan American on the horn then it isn't.

This is a good question. Not all instruments with 'P' are Pan American.

Here I review the Pan American propeller wood clarinet, infamous for the rumored wood being sourced from actual airplane propellers.

For example in 1971, Conn used the 'P' but added a hyphen. I have also seen the 'P' used by other brands on woodwinds. Pan American also used a 'W' on early 1920's saxes.

Pan Am used an 'A' on its International brass line in the 1920's, but stayed with the 'P' on saxes. So if a sax has the typical Pan American identifiers: 1914 or 1915 patent, 'Mercedes' style low C guard, an a 'P' number, without hyphen from P1001 to about P32850, it's very likely a Pan American. The same would be true for the 'W' numbers except they would only have the 1914 patent and the range from about W4100 to W8220. The date range for the P looks to be 1920 to 1928 and the W from 1920 to 1922. The ranges are based on the 1100+ saxes registered to date.

Also, based on the registry, over the history of Pan American, better than 50% of the saxes were stenciled with a reseller's brand name. Of the stencils, 10% were stenciled in-house for other Conn subsidiaries, like Continental Music Company, Conn Boston, Conn New York etc.

The heaviest period for stenciling was the 1920's and it tapers down with each ensuing decade. The registry clearly shows there were no Conn models stenciled, all supposed Conn stencils are Pan American models.

The 2 bass saxes listed above would be Pan American model 56M. There are differences to the contemporary Conn model, but one has to look closely. The general areas are the G# cluster, the number of buttons, and other lesser keys. While I have not been able to confirm it yet, there are indications that the key alloys may be different. Pan American seemed to have had their own foundry.

Additionally, the 1915 Hardy patent implies the drawn tone holes are of a different configuration as the Conn's were still under the Haynes patent. The 2 bass saxes listed above would be Pan American model 56M.

There are differences to the contemporary Conn model, but one has to look closely. The general areas are the G# cluster, the number of buttons, and other lesser keys.

While I have not been able to confirm it yet, there are indications that the key alloys may be different. Pan American seemed to have had their own foundry. Additionally, the 1915 Hardy patent implies the drawn tone holes are of a different configuration as the Conn's were still under the Haynes patent. Thanks so much for all of your hard work on this Badenia!

It helped me to date my PanAm. Just a head's up that if you stick the keys from any 1948-1956 10M and the keys from an early 50s Pan Am tenor into a Bomb Calorimetry machine they are identical in every way. The only variability would be due to QA/QC and material availability. And as far as body tube dimensions when comparing a '48 10M, '49 10M and a '51 PanAm they are the exact same size at the neck receiver and bell, and the necks all interchange perfectly so I'm not sure that they didn't come off the exact same line. I may have misunderstood what you were saying though. Thanks to all for the kind words above. And to TrueTone for adding more to the registry.

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In terms of technology and manufacturing, I often compare CG Conn Ltd to General Motors with GM, Cadillac, Buick, Chevrolet, etc subsidiaries. Pan American as one of Conn's manufacturing subsidiaries, relatively independent, but would share certain elements, not all, to take advantage of production efficiencies. 1) So some keys measuring the same size and interchangeable would make sense. 2) Bodies with same or similar measurements would also make sense - remember the patented hydraulic expansion process. 3) What is yet to be understood is the alloys used in the different factories and on different models.

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While Conn were 'Durocast,' Pan Americans were tempered. Conn had 'Crysteel' valves, Pan America were 'SLIK' valves.